A small electromagnet with a copper magnet wire wrapped around it.
Magnet wire is a thin insulated wire made of pure copper or aluminum. When coiled by a power source and energized, the wire generates an electromagnetic field. Almost all electricity needs to pass through an electromagnetic field to convert from one form of energy to another. Magnet wires can be used to convert energy between three different ways: from one form of electrical energy to another, mechanical energy to electrical energy, and electrical energy to mechanical energy.

The magnet wire in the ignition coil is used to transfer power from the car battery.

Devices that transfer power from one voltage and amperage to another use enameled wire to accomplish this. Such as transformers, electrical control and power generation. The car’s ignition coil converts the 12-volt voltage of the car’s battery into the thousands of volts needed to start the car.

Magnet wires participate in the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. For example, machinery and electric motors. Advances in the development and manufacturing of magnet wires promoted the large-scale manufacture of electric motors, which greatly affected the growth of manufacturing in the 20th century.

Magnet wire is used for electric motors.
The third application is to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. A generator is a machine that uses electromagnetic coils to generate electricity. The coil rotates between two magnetic poles, and the current generated increases and decreases as the coil approaches and moves away from each magnetic pole, and changes direction each time it approaches the magnetic pole. This type of current is alternating current or AC.

Most enameled wires are made of copper, which is a highly conductive material that can be manufactured into very fine specifications ranging from a few microns to a few centimeters. Sometimes aluminum is used for large transformers or motors. Since aluminum is not as conductive as copper, it is usually square or rectangular because it needs a larger diameter to achieve a resistance similar to copper.

Modern insulating materials vary depending on the temperature of use. One to three layers of polymers are suitable for most applications, even at high temperatures. Glass is used in electrical wires used in generators, motors, and mining equipment. Paper coatings are used in oil-filled transformers and utility transformers.

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