To illustrate the components that are used in hydraulic air bottle jacks, a typical manually operated hydraulic jack will be considered. The primary components are discussed below. Note that other smaller components are also used to create the hydraulic jack, such as o-rings, pins, but the primary components shown will be helpful to understand the operation of the jack.

Reservoir or buffer tank
Pump with piston or plunger
Pump lever or handle
Check valve
Main cylinder or ram
Release valve
Handle
The reservoir or buffer tank is a vessel that holds hydraulic fluid or pump oil which will be used to transfer applied pressure from the pump to the ram. The pump is typically a piston pump that is mechanically activated by moving the pump lever or handle up and down. The handle movement builds up pressure in the hydraulic fluid which transfers that pressurized fluid through a check valve and into the main cylinder. The main cylinder, sometimes referred to as the ram, is driven upwards extending out of the hydraulic jack body by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, creating the needed lifting force and lifting the load. A release valve is included to release the pressure so that the ram can retract and the load can be lowered.

Some rams are equipped with a threaded extension so that when fully retracted the ram extension can be unscrewed. This feature extends the lifting range for the jack and can eliminate the need to add blocking underneath the jack when the load surface to be lifted is higher than the retracted height of the ram and the jack body.

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