Tablets are medicines that are mixed with a binder powder, then shaped and compressed into tablet form. Most pills have a thin coating that is easy to swallow to help dissolve or protect the stomach. Enteric-coated tablets are absorbed in the small intestine. There are different types of tablets:
The chewable tablet dissolves in the stomach and is rapidly absorbed for rapid onset of action. They may have different flavors.
Orally disintegrating tablets dissolve on the tongue. They go directly into the bloodstream and work as quickly as possible, such as with certain anti-nausea and migraine medications.
Sublingual tablets go under the tongue. They are also responsive. An example is nitroglycerin tablets.
The effervescent tablet is dissolved in the liquid and then drunk.
Capsules are a solid dosage form. The drug is enclosed in a hard or soft shell, usually made of gelatin, which breaks down in the digestive tract.
Spansules
Spansules are capsules that release medication at a steady rate over several hours. For example, the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drug Dexedrine is a drug that contains dextroamphetamine. The initial dose is released quickly, and the rest of the drug gradually enters the body.
Soft capsule
Softgels, also called liquid gels, are similar to capsules, except that the drug is suspended in gelatin or a similar substance.
Liquid
Liquid medicines are for people who have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules or who are too young to swallow, such as infants and children. They must be measured precisely (use proper measuring equipment, not a kitchen teaspoon). They are not as portable as solid dosage forms.
Granules or powders
Granules are mixed into water or a small amount of soft food such as yogurt, while powders are usually pre-measured in packages and designed to dissolve in water. People who have trouble swallowing pills may prefer granules or powders.
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